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Texel Disaster
The Texel Disaster took place off the Dutch coast on the night of 31 August 1940 and involved the sinking of two Royal Navy destroyers, and damage to a third and a light cruiser. The disaster was caused by a destroyer flotilla running into an unmarked minefield, which caused serious damage to one vessel; two more destroyers were sunk going to the aid of the first, and a light cruiser sent as an escort was slightly damaged by a mine on the return journey. In all, the disaster caused approximately 300 deaths, with a further 100 men injured or taken prisoner of war.
==The disaster==
On the night of 31 August 1940, the British 20th Destroyer Flotilla – consisting of , , , and – sailed from Immingham to the Dutch coast northwest of Texel to lay mines.〔(U-Boat reference site entry on Ivanhoe )〕 The flotilla was joined by part of the 5th Destroyer Flotilla consisting of , and .〔 While the ships were laying mines, air reconnaissance detected a German naval force moving west from Terschelling towards Britain; fearing an invasion the 20th flotilla was ordered to intercept.〔.〕
Whilst heading for this German force, the flotilla ran into a newly laid, uncharted minefield and ''Express'' was badly damaged, losing most of her bow.〔.〕〔.〕 The explosion caused heavy casualties: ninety of the 175 men on board were killed or wounded, including her captain, J.G. Bickford, who was injured by the explosion.〔 The flotilla commander, Lieutenant-Commander Crouch, moved his ship, ''Esk'', to assist ''Express'' but ''Esk'' also hit a mine and the vessel swiftly sank, killing all on board, save one man.〔 ''Ivanhoe'' then went to transfer the wounded from ''Express'' but also hit a mine and was badly damaged, the explosion killing a further 53 men and wounding the majority of the crew.〔 Several life rafts, carrying shipwrecked sailors, drifted into the Dutch coast where those on board were detained by the German authorities as prisoners of war.〔
1 September brought ''Kelvin'' and ''Jupiter'' from the 5th flotilla to help rescue the shipwrecked crews and later two light cruisers – and – arrived as an escort.〔〔(Naval History entry for Kelvin )〕 ''Ivanhoe'' was scuttled by fire from ''Kelvin'' and the ships returned to port.〔 ''Jupiter'' towed the hulk of ''Express'' until tugs could be sent out to take over.〔(Naval history entry on Jupiter )〕 On the way, ''Galatea'' hit a further mine and was slightly damaged.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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